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Timeline: History of Jerusalem
"Jerusalem is for Israel the focal point of Jewish History: the symbol of ancient glory, of longing, of prayer, of modern renewal." -- Abba Eban, Israeli Statesperson
B.C.E. (Before the Common Era, B.C.)
- c1004
- Kind David establishes Jerusalem as the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel.
- 960
- King Solomon (David's son) builds the First Temple on site chosen by his father.
- 922
- Kingdom is divided between north (Israel) and south (Judah) with Jerusalem as capital of
the Southern kingdom.
- 701
- Senacherib, King of Assyria, unsuccessfully lays siege to Jerusalem.
- 700
- Hezekiah develops water supply at Siloam.
- 586
- Kingdom of Judah eventually falls to Nebuchadnezzer, King of Babylon, who captures and
destroys Jerusalem, including the First Temple, and exiles Jews to Babylon.
- 539-7
- Beginning of return from Exile in Babylon--led by Ezra and Nehemia.
- 515
- City restored, and dedication of Second Temple (during reign of Darius).
- 444
- Nehemia rebuilds Jerusalem and its walls
- 350
- Persians capture Jerusalem.
- 332
- Hellenistic domination of region--Alexander the Great
- 313
- Ptolemy I of Egypt rules Jerusalem.
- 170
- Antiochus Epiphanes, King of Syria, plunders Jerusalem.
- 167-4
- Maccabean revolts by Hasmoneans following desecration of Temple by Antiochus.
- 165
- 25 Kislev, Jerusalem recaptured and Temple rededicated (celebrated at Chanukah to this
day). Restoration of Jewish autonomy under Hasmonean Empire.
- 63
- Roman invasion led by Pompei.
- 37
- Kingdom established with Jerusalem as capital under Herod--apointed by Rome.
- 20
- Herod begins restoration of the Temple
- 0
- Rule of Roman procurators.
C.E. (The Common Era)
- 6
- Jerusalem part of Roman province of Judea. Development of Jewish Resistance.
- 33
- Crucifixion of Jesus (6 B.C.E.-33 C.E.)--by order of Pontius Pilate
- 66-73
- First Jewish revolt.
- 70
- Siege of Jerusalem for 134 days by Romans under Vespasian. Jerusalem falls. Tisha
B'Av--Second Temple destroyed by Titus.
- 132-5
- Second Jewish Revolt--led by Bar Kochba. Large scale slaughter, Jerusalem razed and then
rebuilt by Hadrian and renamed "Aelia Capitolina". Jews excluded from Jerusalem.
- 324
- Jerusalem under Byzantine rule.
- 326
- Queen Helena (mother of Byzantine Emperor Constantine) visits Jerusalem and begins
building major churches-- including Holy Sepulchre.
- 362
- Julian the Apostate allows Jews to resettle in Jerusalem.
- 614
- Jerusalem falls to Persians.
- 629
- Jerusalem retaken by Byzantines.
- 638
- Caliph Omar Ben Hatav captures Jerusalem placing it under Arab Muslim rule.
- 688-91
- Dome of the Rock (Mosque of Omar) built by Abdal- Malik.
- 1009-10
- Caliph Hakim orders destruction of churches and synagogues.
- 1077
- Turks capture Jerusalem
- 1099
- First Crusades Capture of Jerusalem--Jews and Moslems
slaughtered. Godfrey Of Bouillon led the attack and was named 'Protector of the Holy Sepulchre'
- 1141
- Yehuda Halevi goes to Jerusalem.
- 1165
- Moses Maimonides (Rambam) visits Jerusalem.
- 1173
- Benjamin of Judea visits Jerusalem.
- 1187
- Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders. Jewish settlement renewed.
- 1192
- Richard the Lionheart fails to conquer Jerusalem.
- 1212
- 300 English and French Rabbis settle in Jerusalem.
- 1244
- Jerusalem sacked by Tartars.
- 1259
- Jerusalem sacked by Mongols.
- 1260
- Rule by the Mamelukes--lasting two and a half centuries.
- 1267
- Nachmanides (Ramban) goes to Jerusalem and worships at the Western (Wailing) Wall (The
Kotel).
- 1347
- Jerusalem again conquered by Mamelukes.
- 1488
- Rabbi Ovadia Bertinoro in Jerusalem.
- 1516-17
- Turkish Sultan Selim conquers Jerusalem for Ottoman Empire.
- 1535-8
- Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds city ramparts and wall around Jerusalem.
- 1541
- Muslims seal Golden Gate to prevent Messiah's entrance (as according to Jewish
tradition).
- 1556
- Earthquake in the city.
- 1700
- Judah the Pious settles Jerusalem with 1,000 followers.
- 1705
- Jews subjected to restrictions.
- 1798
- Napoleon visits the Holy Land area.
- 1827
- First visit by Sir Moses Montefiore, Anglo-Jewish philanthropist.
- 1831
- Jerusalem conquered by Mehemet Ali of Egypt.
- 1838
- First British Consulate opened in Jerusalem.
- 1840
- Jerusalem again under Turkish rule.
- 1844
- First official census confirms Jewish majority--7120 Jews, 5760 Muslims, 3390
Christians.
- 1859-60
- Mishkenot Sha-ananim--first Jewish settlement built outside Old City walls with
assistance of Sir Moses Montefiore. This was followed by Nahlat Shiva (1869).
- 1873-5
- Mea Shearim built.
- 1892
- Yemin Moshe established.
- 1898
- Theodore Herzl meets Kaiser Wilhelm just outside Jerusalem.
- 1906
- Bezalel School of Art founded.
- 1911
- Baedeker's guide confirms two thirds Jewish majority amongst city populace.
- 1917
- British Army enters Jerusalem under General Allenby.
- 1918
- Hebrew University Foundation Stone is laid on Mount Scopus on J.N.F. owned land; first
lecture delivered by Albert Einstein (first president of WUJS) in 1923; inaugurated 1925.
- 1918-20
- Jerusalem under British military administration.
- 1920-21
- Arab riots break out in Jerusalem.
- 1922
- Palestine Mandate given to Britain by League of Nations. Haj Amin el-Husseini appointed
Grand Mufti of Jerusalem.
- 1929
- Disturbances at Western Wall--Arab riots in Jerusalem.
- 1932
- King David Hotel opened. First issue of "Palestine Post" (later becomes
"Jerusalem Post").
- 1947
- 29th November: United Nations Partition Plan calls for internationalization of Jerusalem
(UN Resolution 181).
- 1948
- February
- TransJordanian army shells Jewish Quarter.
- 13th May
- Jewish convoy attacked on its way to Mt. Scopus--35 doctors and nurses killed.
- 14th May
- British Mandate ends.
- 15th May
- STATE OF ISRAEL PROCLAIMED.
- 19th May
- Lifting of Arab siege of Old City.
- 28th May
- Jewish Quarter of the Old City falls to Jordanian Legionnaires.
- 26th July
- Western Jerusalem proclaimed Israeli territory.
- 1949
- Knesset (Israeli Parliament) moves to Jerusalem from Tel-Aviv.
- Jerusalem proclaimed capital of Israel.
- Jordan defies armistice and prevents access to Western Wall and Mount Scopus.
- 1951
- Jordan's King Abdullah assassinated by Arab extremists on Temple Mount.
- 1953
- Establishment of Yad Vashem--Holocaust Memorial Center.
- 1964
- Pope Paul VI visits.
- 1965
- Teddy Kolleck becomes Mayor of Jerusalem.
- 1966
- Inauguration of new Knesset building. Israel Museum and Shrine of the Book established.
- 1967
- 5-11 June:
- Six Day War
- 7th June
- Old City captured by Israel
- 28th June
- Jerusalem Unified into one city. Free access to all holy sites of all religions.
- 1978
- WUJS headquarters moves from London to Jerusalem.
- 1980
- Jerusalem Basic Law enacted declaring united Jerusalem to be capital of Israel.
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